Late Periods in Women: Possible Health Issues and Underlying Diseases

Menstruation is a natural biological process that reflects a woman’s reproductive health and hormonal balance. A typical menstrual cycle occurs every 21 to 35 days. During this time, the uterus sheds its lining, helping maintain hormonal equilibrium and fertility. Regular periods indicate that the body’s hormones and metabolism are functioning properly. However, when menstruation is delayed or irregular, it can be a sign of various underlying health conditions.

Symptoms Associated with Late Periods

A delayed period is often accompanied by additional symptoms such as:

• Abdominal or lower back pain

• Sudden weight gain or loss

• Hair fall or skin changes

• Extreme fatigue and sleeplessness

• Mood swings or irritability

Tracking your menstrual cycle and observing such changes can help detect health issues early and allow timely treatment.

Causes and Diseases Linked to Delayed Periods

According to Dr. Saloni Chadha, Assistant Professor at RML Hospital, delayed periods can occur for several reasons, the most common being hormonal imbalance—when estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate abnormally. Other possible causes include:

• Thyroid disorders: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can disrupt menstrual cycles.

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal condition that affects ovulation and often leads to irregular or missed periods.

• Anemia: Low hemoglobin levels can impact hormonal balance and delay menstruation.

• Obesity or being underweight: Both extremes can interfere with hormone production.

• Stress and poor lifestyle habits: Emotional or physical stress can affect the hypothalamus, which controls menstrual hormones.

• Excessive exercise or physical exertion: Common among athletes or women with intense workout routines.

• Hormonal medications or therapy: Long-term use of certain drugs can alter menstrual cycles.

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Natural causes of missed or delayed periods.

• Chronic illnesses: Conditions such as diabetes or liver disease can also influence menstruation.

If your period is consistently late or irregular, it’s important to seek medical advice and undergo necessary hormonal or thyroid tests.

How to Maintain a Healthy Menstrual Cycle

• Eat a balanced and nutritious diet.

• Engage in light exercise or yoga regularly.

• Ensure adequate sleep and manage stress effectively.

• Maintain a healthy body weight.

• Take hormonal medicines only as prescribed by a doctor.

• Track your menstrual cycles and note any irregularities.

• Get regular health checkups, including thyroid and hormone tests.